Summary about Disease
Lymphatic obstruction, also known as lymphedema, is a condition where the lymphatic system is blocked, preventing lymph fluid from draining properly. This leads to a build-up of fluid, typically in the arms or legs, causing swelling. It can be primary (due to congenital lymphatic defects) or secondary (caused by other conditions or treatments).
Symptoms
Swelling of part or all of an arm or leg, including fingers or toes
A feeling of heaviness or tightness in the affected limb
Restricted range of motion
Aching or discomfort
Recurring infections
Hardening and thickening of the skin (fibrosis)
Causes
Surgery: Lymph node removal or damage during surgery.
Radiation Therapy: Radiation treatment for cancer.
Cancer: Cancer cells blocking lymphatic vessels.
Infections: Infections that damage the lymph nodes.
Filariasis: A parasitic infection common in tropical regions (a major cause worldwide).
Congenital Conditions: Lymphatic system abnormalities present at birth (primary lymphedema).
Trauma: Injuries that damage lymphatic vessels.
Medicine Used
There is no cure, but management focuses on reducing swelling and controlling symptoms.
Compression Garments: To encourage lymph flow.
Manual Lymphatic Drainage (MLD): A specialized massage technique to move fluid.
Exercise: Specific exercises to promote lymphatic drainage.
Medications: Antibiotics for infections (cellulitis). Diuretics are not generally used for lymphedema, but may be used for other conditions if present. Benzopyrones may reduce swelling in some cases.
Is Communicable
Lymphedema itself is not communicable. However, if the lymphedema is caused by an infection like filariasis, that infection is communicable (spread by mosquito bites).
Precautions
Protect the affected limb from injury and infection.
Avoid tight clothing or jewelry that could constrict lymph flow.
Keep the skin clean and moisturized to prevent cracking and infection.
Avoid extreme temperatures (hot tubs, saunas).
Elevate the affected limb whenever possible.
Consult with a lymphedema therapist for proper management.
How long does an outbreak last?
Lymphedema is a chronic condition, not an "outbreak." Once it develops, it is typically a long-term issue requiring ongoing management. Episodes of increased swelling or infection (cellulitis) can occur and would be managed acutely.
How is it diagnosed?
Physical Exam: A doctor will assess the swelling and skin changes.
Medical History: Review of past surgeries, radiation, infections, and family history.
Lymphoscintigraphy: A nuclear medicine scan to visualize the lymphatic system.
MRI or CT Scan: May be used to rule out other causes of swelling or to assess the extent of lymphatic blockage.
Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (BIS): Measures fluid levels in the affected limb.
Timeline of Symptoms
The onset of symptoms can vary depending on the cause:
After Surgery/Radiation: Swelling may appear days, weeks, months, or even years after treatment.
Congenital Lymphedema: May be present at birth or develop during puberty.
Filariasis: Swelling develops gradually over months or years.
Symptoms generally start with mild swelling that worsens over time if not managed.
Important Considerations
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent the condition from worsening.
Lymphedema management is typically lifelong.
Proper skin care is essential to prevent infections.
Patients should be educated about self-management techniques.
Psychological support may be needed due to the chronic nature of the condition.